➀ The Chinese Ministry of Commerce has implemented stricter export controls on dual-use items to the U.S., including a ban on the export of certain semiconductor materials such as gallium, germanium, antimony, and ultra-hard materials;

➁ Chinese industry associations have criticized the U.S. for using national security as a pretext for arbitrary export restrictions and have called for domestic companies to seek alternative chip sources;

➂ This action follows the U.S. government's recent tightening of export controls on Chinese semiconductor companies, which has further restricted the export of semiconductor manufacturing equipment and memory chips to China;

➃ China has responded with criticism, labeling the U.S. actions as economic coercion and unilateral bullying.